

The Birds · Plate II
Northern Cardinal
Cardinalis cardinalis
Cardinalidae · Taxon 9083
| Length | 8.3-9.1 in (21-23 cm) |
| Wingspan | 9.8-12.2 in (25-31 cm) |
| Weight | 1.5-1.7 oz (42-48 g) |
Field marks
- Prominent pointed crest on the crown
- Short, very thick cone-shaped orange-red bill
- Adult male bright scarlet red overall with black mask and throat
- Adult female warm tan to olive-brown with reddish wings, tail, and crest
- Long tail and compact, heavy-bodied songbird proportions
- Dark eye set in the contrasting face pattern
HabitatDense shrubby cover in forest edges, hedgerows, overgrown fields, marshy thickets, parks, gardens, backyards, woodlots, and ornamental plantings; nests are usually hidden in dense foliage, shrubs, vines, or thickets.
BehaviorDiurnal, nonmigratory songbird that forages on or near the ground and in low shrubs, often in pairs; eats mostly seeds and fruit, adds insects, and feeds nestlings mainly insects. Both sexes sing clear whistles; breeding birds defend territories, while winter birds may gather in loose flocks.
Palette